In this article we will discuss about:- 1. General Structure of Skin 2. Embryonic Origin of Skin 3. Functions. General Structure of Skin: The outermost surface is the epidermis. The epidermis lies on the basement membrane (basal lamina or reticular lamina) as a characteristic feature (Fig. 2.1). Below the basement membrane lies the dermis. The epidermis develops from ectoderm and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the integument of various chordates:- 1. Fishes 2. Amphibians 3. Reptiles 4. Birds. 1. Fishes: In bony fishes, dermal scales do not actually pierce the epidermis, but they are so close to the surface they give the impression that the skin is hard (Fig. 2.4). The epidermal covering includes a basal layer of [...]
In this article we will discus about:- 1. Nature of Venom 2. Effects of Poison 3. Anti-Snake Venom Serum 4. Poison Apparatus and Biting Mechanism 5. Ligaments and Muscles of Snakes 6. Transference of Venom. Nature of Venom: It is a kind of highly evolved saliva which the snake uses to both kill as well as digest its prey. There [...]