In this article we will discuss about the digestive structure of toad. The digestive system consists of alimentary canal and its associated digestive glands. The alimentary canal is a long tube which starts from the mouth and ends in the cloaca. The alimentary canal is made up of four layers. The outermost layer is thin and called serous coat. Next [...]
In this article we will discuss about the excretory system of toad. During metabolism various nitrogenous waste products are formed in the body. The process concerning the extraction of nitrogenous waste products and their removal from the body is called excretion. Nitrogenous waste products such as urea, uric acid and excess of water with some salts are excreted as urine. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the circulatory system of toad. The circulatory system includes two systems: the blood vascular system (cardio vascular system) and the lymphatic system. Circulatory system is the internal transport mechanism by which nutritive materials, hormones, waste products, carbon dioxide and oxygen are conveyed to the different parts of the body. The cardiovascular system of [...]